robvanderg/MultiLexNorm

Multilingual Lexical Normalization

This is the HuggingFace version of the MultiLexNorm dataset.

The original repository (https://bitbucket.org/robvanderg/multilexnorm/) contains all data pre-processed in the same format:

Most	most
social	social
pple	people
r	are
troublesome	troublesome

Some of the languages include annotation for word splits and merges. When a word is split, the normalization column include a white-space character, and with a merge the normalization is only included for the first word:

if      If
i       i
have    have
a       a
head    headache
ache
tomorro tomorrow
ima     i'm going to
be      be
pissed  pissed

This Huggingface version instead can be loaded like:

from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset(
    "robvanderg/MultiLexNorm",
    "dan",
    split="train",
)

print(ds)
Dataset({
    features: ['orig', 'norm'],
    num_rows: 719
})

The internal format is the same, so the norm list might contain empty elements or whitespaces (whereas the orig shouldn't)

Citation

The data in this benchmark comes from many different sources, we collected existing datasets and converged them to the same formate. This started with the original MultiLexNorm, and did the same for MultiLexNorm++. We added Russian data later.

For the original 12 language variants:

@inproceedings{multilexnorm,
  title= {{MultiLexNorm}: A Shared Task on Multilingual Lexical Normalization},
  author = "van der Goot, Rob and Ramponi, Alan and Zubiaga, Arkaitz and Plank, Barbara and Muller, Benjamin  and San Vicente Roncal, I\~{n}aki and Ljube\v{s}i\'{c}, Nikola  and \c{C}etino\u{g}lu, {\"O}zlem  and Mahendra, Rahmad  and \c{C}olako\u{g}lu, Talha  and Baldwin, Timothy  and Caselli, Tommaso  and Sidorenko, Wladimir",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on Noisy User-generated Text (W-NUT 2021)",
  year = "2021",
  publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
  address = "Punta Cana, Dominican Republic"
}

For the additional five Asian languages in MultiLexNorm++:

@article{10.1145/3812651,
author = {Buaphet, Weerayut and Nguyen, Thanh-Nhi and Kondo, Risa and Kajiwara, Tomoyuki and Kim, Yumin and Lee, Jimin and Lee, Hwanhee and Lovenia, Holy and Limkonchotiwat, Peerat and Nutanong, Sarana and Van der Goot, Rob},
title = {MultiLexNorm++: A Unified Benchmark and a Generative Model for Lexical Normalization for Asian Languages},
year = {2026},
issue_date = {July 2026},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
volume = {25},
number = {7},
issn = {2375-4699},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3812651},
doi = {10.1145/3812651},
journal = {ACM Trans. Asian Low-Resour. Lang. Inf. Process.},
month = jul,
articleno = {61},
numpages = {14},
}

For Russian:

@InProceedings{10.1007/978-3-032-04958-2_13,
author="Feoktistov, Grigorii
and Morozov, Dmitry",
editor="Bakaev, Maxim
and Bolgov, Radomir
and Chizhik, Anna
and Chugunov, Andrei
and Demareva, Valeriia
and Kabanov, Yury
and Pereira, Roberto
and R., Elakkiya
and Zhang, Wei",
title="TL; DR: Text Normalization for Social Media Corpus",
booktitle="Internet and Modern Society",
year="2026",
publisher="Springer Nature Switzerland",
address="Cham",
pages="168--176",
}

We would also strongly encourage you to cite the original papers if you use this data:

We use the MultiLexNorm dataset~\cite{multilexnorm,10.1145/3812651,10.1007/978-3-032-04958-2_13,plank-etal-2020-dan,sidarenka2013rule,baldwin-etal-2015-shared,alegria2013introduccion,11356/1170,barik-etal-2019-normalization,van-der-goot-etal-2020-norm,dutchNorm,11356/1123,11356/1171,colakoglu-etal-2019-normalizing,van-der-goot-etal-2021-lexical}

The remaining bib files are listed below:

@inproceedings{plank-etal-2020-dan,
    title = "{D}a{N}+: {D}anish Nested Named Entities and Lexical Normalization",
    author = "Plank, Barbara  and
      Jensen, Kristian N{\o}rgaard  and
      van der Goot, Rob",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = dec,
    year = "2020",
    address = "Barcelona, Spain (Online)",
    publisher = "International Committee on Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.coling-main.583",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/2020.coling-main.583",
    pages = "6649--6662",
}

@inproceedings{sidarenka2013rule,
  title={Rule-based normalization of {G}erman {T}witter messages},
  author={Sidarenka, Uladzimir and Scheffler, Tatjana and Stede, Manfred},
  booktitle={Proc. of the GSCL Workshop Verarbeitung und Annotation von Sprachdaten aus Genres internetbasierter Kommunikation},
  year={2013}
}

@inproceedings{baldwin-etal-2015-shared,
    title = "Shared Tasks of the 2015 Workshop on Noisy User-generated Text: {T}witter Lexical Normalization and Named Entity Recognition",
    author = "Baldwin, Timothy  and
      de Marneffe, Marie Catherine  and
      Han, Bo  and
      Kim, Young-Bum  and
      Ritter, Alan  and
      Xu, Wei",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Workshop on Noisy User-generated Text",
    month = jul,
    year = "2015",
    address = "Beijing, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W15-4319",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/W15-4319",
    pages = "126--135",
}

@inproceedings{alegria2013introduccion,
  title={Introducci{\'o}n a la Tarea Compartida {Tweet-Norm} 2013: Normalizaci{\'o}n L{\'e}xica de Tuits en {E}spa{\~n}ol.},
  author={Alegria, Inaki and Aranberri, Nora and Fresno, V{\'\i}ctor and Gamallo, Pablo and Padr{\'o}, Lluis and San Vicente, Inaki and Turmo, Jordi and Zubiaga, Arkaitz},
  booktitle={Tweet-Norm@ SEPLN},
  pages={1--9},
  year={2013}
}

@misc{11356/1170,
 title = {Croatian {T}witter training corpus {ReLDI}-{NormTagNER}-hr 2.0},
 author = {Ljube{\v s}i{\'c}, Nikola and Erjavec, Toma{\v z} and Mili{\v c}evi{\'c}, Maja and Samard{\v z}i{\'c}, Tanja},
 url = {http://hdl.handle.net/11356/1170},
 note = {Slovenian language resource repository {CLARIN}.{SI}},
 copyright = {Creative Commons - Attribution 4.0 International ({CC} {BY} 4.0)},
 year = {2017} 
}

@inproceedings{barik-etal-2019-normalization,
    title = "Normalization of {I}ndonesian-{E}nglish Code-Mixed {T}witter Data",
    author = "Barik, Anab Maulana  and
      Mahendra, Rahmad  and
      Adriani, Mirna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Noisy User-generated Text (W-NUT 2019)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2019",
    address = "Hong Kong, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D19-5554",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/D19-5554",
    pages = "417--424",
}

@inproceedings{van-der-goot-etal-2020-norm,
    title = "Norm It! Lexical Normalization for {I}talian and Its Downstream Effects for Dependency Parsing",
    author = "van der Goot, Rob  and
      Ramponi, Alan  and
      Caselli, Tommaso  and
      Cafagna, Michele  and
      De Mattei, Lorenzo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference",
    month = may,
    year = "2020",
    address = "Marseille, France",
    publisher = "European Language Resources Association",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.lrec-1.769",
    pages = "6272--6278",
    language = "English",
    ISBN = "979-10-95546-34-4",
}

@mastersthesis{dutchNorm,
  author       = {Schuur, Youri}, 
  title        = {Normalization for {D}utch for improved POS tagging},
  school       = {University of Groningen},
  year         = 2020,
  url         = {http://robvanderg.github.io/doc/normalization_dutch.pdf}
}

@misc{11356/1123,
 title = {{CMC} training corpus {Janes-Tag} 2.0},
 author = {Erjavec, Toma{\v z} and Fi{\v s}er, Darja and {\v C}ibej, Jaka and Arhar Holdt, {\v S}pela and Ljube{\v s}i{\'c}, Nikola and Zupan, Katja},
 url = {http://hdl.handle.net/11356/1123},
 note = {Slovenian language resource repository {CLARIN}.{SI}},
 copyright = {Creative Commons - Attribution-{ShareAlike} 4.0 International ({CC} {BY}-{SA} 4.0)},
 year = {2017} 
}

@misc{11356/1171,
 title = {Serbian {T}witter training corpus {ReLDI}-{NormTagNER}-sr 2.0},
 author = {Ljube{\v s}i{\'c}, Nikola and Erjavec, Toma{\v z} and Mili{\v c}evi{\'c}, Maja and Samard{\v z}i{\'c}, Tanja},
 url = {http://hdl.handle.net/11356/1171},
 note = {Slovenian language resource repository {CLARIN}.{SI}},
 copyright = {Creative Commons - Attribution 4.0 International ({CC} {BY} 4.0)},
 year = {2017} 
}

@inproceedings{colakoglu-etal-2019-normalizing,
    title = "Normalizing Non-canonical {T}urkish Texts Using Machine Translation Approaches",
    author = {{\c{C}}olako{\u{g}}lu, Talha  and
      Sulubacak, Umut  and
      Tantu{\u{g}}, Ahmet C{\"u}neyd},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Student Research Workshop",
    month = jul,
    year = "2019",
    address = "Florence, Italy",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-2037",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/P19-2037",
    pages = "267--272"
}

@inproceedings{van-der-goot-etal-2021-lexical,
    title = "Lexical Normalization for Code-switched Data and its Effect on {POS} Tagging",
    author = "van der Goot, Rob  and
      \c{C}etino{\u{g}}lu, {\"O}zlem",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Volume 1, Long Papers",
    month = feb,
    year = "2021",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics"
}