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bcv-commons
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gram-struct

Tags:
typology
multilingual
bible
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Cannot load the dataset split (in streaming mode) to extract the first rows.
Error code:   StreamingRowsError
Exception:    CastError
Message:      Couldn't cast
adposition: struct<confidence: double, direction: string, source: string>
  child 0, confidence: double
  child 1, direction: string
  child 2, source: string
adposition_word: struct<agreement: struct<agree: int64, voting: int64, weight_share: double>, editions: struct<aaamlt (... 104 chars omitted)
  child 0, agreement: struct<agree: int64, voting: int64, weight_share: double>
      child 0, agree: int64
      child 1, voting: int64
      child 2, weight_share: double
  child 1, editions: struct<aaamlt: struct<n: int64, present: bool, rate: double>>
      child 0, aaamlt: struct<n: int64, present: bool, rate: double>
          child 0, n: int64
          child 1, present: bool
          child 2, rate: double
  child 2, n: int64
  child 3, present: bool
  child 4, rate: double
  child 5, source: string
article_bound: struct<affix_lift: struct<affix: string, edge: string, lift: double, n: int64, ratio: double>, agree (... 287 chars omitted)
  child 0, affix_lift: struct<affix: string, edge: string, lift: double, n: int64, ratio: double>
      child 0, affix: string
      child 1, edge: string
      child 2, lift: double
      child 3, n: int64
      child 4, ratio: double
  child 1, agreement: struct<agree: int64, voting: int64, weight_share: double>
      child 0, agree: int64
      child 1, voting: int64
      child 2, weight_share: double
  child 2, bound: bool
  child 3, editions: struct<aaamlt: struct<bound: bool, n: int64>>
      child 0, aaamlt: struct<bound: bool, n: i
...
4, wals: int64, lang2vec: int64, null: int64>
      child 0, grambank: int64
      child 1, wals: int64
      child 2, lang2vec: int64
      child 3, null: int64
  child 1, article: struct<grambank: int64, wals: int64, lang2vec: int64, null: int64>
      child 0, grambank: int64
      child 1, wals: int64
      child 2, lang2vec: int64
      child 3, null: int64
  child 2, possessor: struct<grambank: int64, wals: int64, lang2vec: int64, null: int64>
      child 0, grambank: int64
      child 1, wals: int64
      child 2, lang2vec: int64
      child 3, null: int64
  child 3, subject_verb: struct<grambank: int64, wals: int64, lang2vec: int64, null: int64>
      child 0, grambank: int64
      child 1, wals: int64
      child 2, lang2vec: int64
      child 3, null: int64
  child 4, object_verb: struct<grambank: int64, wals: int64, lang2vec: int64, null: int64>
      child 0, grambank: int64
      child 1, wals: int64
      child 2, lang2vec: int64
      child 3, null: int64
derived_shadowed_by_external_or_imputed: struct<adposition: int64, possessor: int64, subject_verb: int64, object_verb: int64>
  child 0, adposition: int64
  child 1, possessor: int64
  child 2, subject_verb: int64
  child 3, object_verb: int64
languages_written: struct<imputed: int64, derived: int64, merged: int64, kin: int64, external: int64, measured: int64>
  child 0, imputed: int64
  child 1, derived: int64
  child 2, merged: int64
  child 3, kin: int64
  child 4, external: int64
  child 5, measured: int64
to
{'languages_requested': Value('int64'), 'languages_written': {'imputed': Value('int64'), 'derived': Value('int64'), 'merged': Value('int64'), 'kin': Value('int64'), 'external': Value('int64'), 'measured': Value('int64')}, 'slots': {'adposition': {'grambank': Value('int64'), 'wals': Value('int64'), 'lang2vec': Value('int64'), 'null': Value('int64')}, 'article': {'grambank': Value('int64'), 'wals': Value('int64'), 'lang2vec': Value('int64'), 'null': Value('int64')}, 'possessor': {'grambank': Value('int64'), 'wals': Value('int64'), 'lang2vec': Value('int64'), 'null': Value('int64')}, 'subject_verb': {'grambank': Value('int64'), 'wals': Value('int64'), 'lang2vec': Value('int64'), 'null': Value('int64')}, 'object_verb': {'grambank': Value('int64'), 'wals': Value('int64'), 'lang2vec': Value('int64'), 'null': Value('int64')}}, 'merged_slot_sources': {'adposition': {'derived': Value('int64'), 'derived/null': Value('int64'), 'grambank': Value('int64'), 'grambank/null': Value('int64'), 'kin': Value('int64'), 'lang2vec': Value('int64'), 'uriel_plus': Value('int64'), 'wals': Value('int64')}, 'article': {'grambank': Value('int64'), 'grambank/null': Value('int64'), 'kin': Value('int64')}, 'possessor': {'derived': Value('int64'), 'derived/null': Value('int64'), 'grambank': Value('int64'), 'grambank/null': Value('int64'), 'kin': Value('int64'), 'lang2vec': Value('int64'), 'wals': Value('int64')}, 'subject_verb': {'derived': Value('int64'), 'derived/null': Value('int64'), 'grambank': Value('i
...
4'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'article@2-3': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'article@4-6': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'article@7-13': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'object_verb@0-1': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'object_verb@2-3': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'object_verb@4-6': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'object_verb@7-13': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'possessor@0-1': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'possessor@2-3': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'possessor@4-6': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'possessor@7-13': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'subject_verb@0-1': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'subject_verb@2-3': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'subject_verb@4-6': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'subject_verb@7-13': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}}}
because column names don't match
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 147, in get_rows_or_raise
                  return get_rows(
                      dataset=dataset,
                  ...<4 lines>...
                      column_names=column_names,
                  )
                File "/src/libs/libcommon/src/libcommon/utils.py", line 272, in decorator
                  return func(*args, **kwargs)
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 127, in get_rows
                  rows_plus_one = list(itertools.islice(safe_iter(ds, dataset=dataset), rows_max_number + 1))
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 483, in safe_iter
                  yield from ds.decode(False) if ds.features else ds
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2951, in __iter__
                  for key, example in ex_iterable:
                                      ^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2461, in __iter__
                  for key, pa_table in self._iter_arrow():
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2486, in _iter_arrow
                  for key, pa_table in self.ex_iterable._iter_arrow():
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 547, in _iter_arrow
                  for key, pa_table in iterator:
                                       ^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 430, in _iter_arrow
                  for key, pa_table in self.generate_tables_fn(**gen_kwags):
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 343, in _generate_tables
                  self._cast_table(pa_table, json_field_paths=json_field_paths),
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 132, in _cast_table
                  pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self.info.features.arrow_schema)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2378, in table_cast
                  return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2306, in cast_table_to_schema
                  raise CastError(
                  ...<3 lines>...
                  )
              datasets.table.CastError: Couldn't cast
              adposition: struct<confidence: double, direction: string, source: string>
                child 0, confidence: double
                child 1, direction: string
                child 2, source: string
              adposition_word: struct<agreement: struct<agree: int64, voting: int64, weight_share: double>, editions: struct<aaamlt (... 104 chars omitted)
                child 0, agreement: struct<agree: int64, voting: int64, weight_share: double>
                    child 0, agree: int64
                    child 1, voting: int64
                    child 2, weight_share: double
                child 1, editions: struct<aaamlt: struct<n: int64, present: bool, rate: double>>
                    child 0, aaamlt: struct<n: int64, present: bool, rate: double>
                        child 0, n: int64
                        child 1, present: bool
                        child 2, rate: double
                child 2, n: int64
                child 3, present: bool
                child 4, rate: double
                child 5, source: string
              article_bound: struct<affix_lift: struct<affix: string, edge: string, lift: double, n: int64, ratio: double>, agree (... 287 chars omitted)
                child 0, affix_lift: struct<affix: string, edge: string, lift: double, n: int64, ratio: double>
                    child 0, affix: string
                    child 1, edge: string
                    child 2, lift: double
                    child 3, n: int64
                    child 4, ratio: double
                child 1, agreement: struct<agree: int64, voting: int64, weight_share: double>
                    child 0, agree: int64
                    child 1, voting: int64
                    child 2, weight_share: double
                child 2, bound: bool
                child 3, editions: struct<aaamlt: struct<bound: bool, n: int64>>
                    child 0, aaamlt: struct<bound: bool, n: i
              ...
              4, wals: int64, lang2vec: int64, null: int64>
                    child 0, grambank: int64
                    child 1, wals: int64
                    child 2, lang2vec: int64
                    child 3, null: int64
                child 1, article: struct<grambank: int64, wals: int64, lang2vec: int64, null: int64>
                    child 0, grambank: int64
                    child 1, wals: int64
                    child 2, lang2vec: int64
                    child 3, null: int64
                child 2, possessor: struct<grambank: int64, wals: int64, lang2vec: int64, null: int64>
                    child 0, grambank: int64
                    child 1, wals: int64
                    child 2, lang2vec: int64
                    child 3, null: int64
                child 3, subject_verb: struct<grambank: int64, wals: int64, lang2vec: int64, null: int64>
                    child 0, grambank: int64
                    child 1, wals: int64
                    child 2, lang2vec: int64
                    child 3, null: int64
                child 4, object_verb: struct<grambank: int64, wals: int64, lang2vec: int64, null: int64>
                    child 0, grambank: int64
                    child 1, wals: int64
                    child 2, lang2vec: int64
                    child 3, null: int64
              derived_shadowed_by_external_or_imputed: struct<adposition: int64, possessor: int64, subject_verb: int64, object_verb: int64>
                child 0, adposition: int64
                child 1, possessor: int64
                child 2, subject_verb: int64
                child 3, object_verb: int64
              languages_written: struct<imputed: int64, derived: int64, merged: int64, kin: int64, external: int64, measured: int64>
                child 0, imputed: int64
                child 1, derived: int64
                child 2, merged: int64
                child 3, kin: int64
                child 4, external: int64
                child 5, measured: int64
              to
              {'languages_requested': Value('int64'), 'languages_written': {'imputed': Value('int64'), 'derived': Value('int64'), 'merged': Value('int64'), 'kin': Value('int64'), 'external': Value('int64'), 'measured': Value('int64')}, 'slots': {'adposition': {'grambank': Value('int64'), 'wals': Value('int64'), 'lang2vec': Value('int64'), 'null': Value('int64')}, 'article': {'grambank': Value('int64'), 'wals': Value('int64'), 'lang2vec': Value('int64'), 'null': Value('int64')}, 'possessor': {'grambank': Value('int64'), 'wals': Value('int64'), 'lang2vec': Value('int64'), 'null': Value('int64')}, 'subject_verb': {'grambank': Value('int64'), 'wals': Value('int64'), 'lang2vec': Value('int64'), 'null': Value('int64')}, 'object_verb': {'grambank': Value('int64'), 'wals': Value('int64'), 'lang2vec': Value('int64'), 'null': Value('int64')}}, 'merged_slot_sources': {'adposition': {'derived': Value('int64'), 'derived/null': Value('int64'), 'grambank': Value('int64'), 'grambank/null': Value('int64'), 'kin': Value('int64'), 'lang2vec': Value('int64'), 'uriel_plus': Value('int64'), 'wals': Value('int64')}, 'article': {'grambank': Value('int64'), 'grambank/null': Value('int64'), 'kin': Value('int64')}, 'possessor': {'derived': Value('int64'), 'derived/null': Value('int64'), 'grambank': Value('int64'), 'grambank/null': Value('int64'), 'kin': Value('int64'), 'lang2vec': Value('int64'), 'wals': Value('int64')}, 'subject_verb': {'derived': Value('int64'), 'derived/null': Value('int64'), 'grambank': Value('i
              ...
              4'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'article@2-3': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'article@4-6': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'article@7-13': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'object_verb@0-1': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'object_verb@2-3': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'object_verb@4-6': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'object_verb@7-13': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'possessor@0-1': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'possessor@2-3': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'possessor@4-6': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'possessor@7-13': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'subject_verb@0-1': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'subject_verb@2-3': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'subject_verb@4-6': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}, 'subject_verb@7-13': {'agree': Value('int64'), 'total': Value('int64'), 'rate': Value('float64')}}}
              because column names don't match

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gram-struct — per-language grammatical fact sheets

One JSON per language, fused from every source the lexeme-aligner already has, split into four provenance partitions so that licensing is a directory boundary. Design and contract: docs/architecture.md §2. Built by python3 -m lexeme_aligner.gram_struct --build; never hand-edited.

partition license contents provenance
external/ CC-BY-4.0 direction slots + existence facts Grambank v1.0 (Skirgård et al. 2023, CC-BY-4.0; Glottolog for the Glottocode→ISO mapping, CC-BY-4.0) and WALS (Dryer & Haspelmath 2013, CLDF v2020.5, CC-BY-4.0). Every fact cites its source codes (GB074, WALS:85A).
imputed/ CC-BY-SA-4.0 direction slots only lang2vec / URIEL syntax_knn (Littell et al. 2017, CC-BY-SA-4.0) and URIEL+ (Khan et al. 2025, CC-BY-SA-4.0; adposition/object_verb only, the slots that cleared 90% agreement with Grambank) — kept physically apart because share-alike applies to derivatives of these values.
derived/ CC0-1.0 our own alignment statistics: direction slots adposition (+ adposition_word: is the adposition a separate word), possessor, subject_verb, object_verb, each with per-edition votes (editions, agreement); article_bound (is the definite article fused into the noun, see article_bound.py); the constituent-order profile; audit.multiword_rates computed from this project's eflomal(+gloss) alignments of every edition of the language, MACULA syntax only (no BHSA-derived field); no source text redistributed. Agreement with Grambank where both exist (2026-10-08): adposition 92.6% (n=390), possessor 91.7% (n=192), subject_verb 88.6% (n=332 — inside the 85-90% experimental band of the project's admission rule; no alignment mechanism reads it), object_verb 93.5% (n=92); with Östling & Kurfalı's projected word order (2023): adposition 93.9% (n=212), subject_verb 100% (n=711), object_verb 99.5% (n=202) — a correlated method (both project from Bible alignments), reported as a consistency check, not independent proof.
measured/ CC0-1.0 mechanism verdicts, dated, gold named human-recorded after scoring against gold; never inferred.
kin/ CC-BY-4.0 direction slots only, gap-filling Glottolog genetic relatedness (bcv-query's languages.db) — the nearest external/imputed-resolved relative's value, lowest priority, structurally unable to override anything else; confidence is a leave-one-out band rate, not the individual fact.
<iso>.json mixed (see above) the merge of the five convenience view; identical content, one file.

Contract

  • A slot with "direction": null and a source is a fact: the source knows the codes and they resolve to no single side (e.g. Hindi article: GB022 = GB023 = 0). An absent key means unknown: no source covers this language for this slot. Consumers must gate on the difference.
  • Existence facts carry flagged (the polarity's own meaning, from analyze_language.RISK_RULES) and present (the plain reading), plus polarity, codes, known, matched.
  • derived/ changes whenever the alignments are regenerated and carries content_sha256; measured/ changes only when a human re-measures and re-dates an entry.
  • No field in any file is computed from another field in the same file.
  • Merge priority per slot: external > imputed > derived > measured > kin. _coverage.json → merged_slot_sources says, per slot, which partition (or which external source) the merged view took, and how many of those values are a null-with-source.
  • Not derivable from alignments, so not here: numeral classifiers, evidentials, tone/phonology, whether a bound form is an affix or a clitic written together (an alignment sees tokens; "fused" is the most it can say), reduplication.
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