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SozKZ Core Llama 600M — Kazakh Base v1

A 587M parameter Llama model pretrained from scratch on 9 billion Kazakh tokens. Part of the SozKZ family of Kazakh language models.

Model Family

Model	Params	val_bpb	Train Loss	Status
sozkz-core-llama-150m-kk-base-v1	152M	—	—	Released
sozkz-core-llama-300m-kk-base-v1	325M	0.781	2.848	Released
sozkz-core-llama-600m-kk-base-v1	587M	0.756	2.713	This model

Model Details

Parameter	Value
Architecture	Llama (RMSNorm, RoPE, SwiGLU)
Parameters	587M
Hidden size	1280
Layers	22
Attention heads	20
KV heads	20 (MHA)
Intermediate size	4480
Context length	1024
Vocab size	50,257 (GPT-2 BPE, Kazakh)
Precision	bfloat16
Tied embeddings	Yes

Training

Detail	Value
Dataset	sozkz-corpus-tokenized-kk-llama50k-v3
Tokens	9B
Hardware	4x NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3
Training time	5.9 hours
Throughput	423K tok/s
Optimizer	AdamW (lr=4e-4, betas=0.9/0.95, wd=0.1)
Schedule	Cosine with 500-step warmup, min_lr=0.1x
Batch size	32 per GPU x 4 GPUs = 128
Gradient clipping	1.0
Framework	PyTorch 2.4 + torch.compile + DDP

Results

Metric	Value
Validation BPB	0.756
Training loss	2.713
Peak VRAM	64.0 GB/GPU
Tokens-to-params ratio	15.3:1

Usage

import torch
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer

model_id = "stukenov/sozkz-core-llama-600m-kk-base-v1"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_id, torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16)

prompt = "Қазақстан — "
inputs = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt")

with torch.no_grad():
    output = model.generate(
        **inputs,
        max_new_tokens=100,
        temperature=0.8,
        top_p=0.9,
        repetition_penalty=1.1,
        do_sample=True,
    )

print(tokenizer.decode(output[0], skip_special_tokens=True))

Tokenizer

Uses sozkz-core-gpt2-50k-kk-base-v1 — a 50K vocab ByteLevel BPE tokenizer trained on Kazakh text.

Limitations

This is a base model (not instruction-tuned) — it completes text, not answers questions
Training data is web-scraped Kazakh text (educational sites, Wikipedia, news)
Context length is 1024 tokens
May generate repetitive or factually incorrect text

Citation

@misc{sozkz-llama-600m-kk-2026,
  title={SozKZ Core Llama 600M: Kazakh Language Model},
  author={Tukenov, Saken},
  year={2026},
  url={https://huggingface.co/stukenov/sozkz-core-llama-600m-kk-base-v1}
}

License

MIT (gated access — manual approval required)

Paper

Small Language Models for Kazakh: Training, Evaluation, and Scaling

@article{tukenov2026slm,
  title={Small Language Models for Kazakh: Training, Evaluation, and Scaling},
  author={Tukenov, Saken},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.20854},
  year={2026}
}