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medmcqa

id stringlengths 36 36	question stringlengths 1 1.57k	opa stringlengths 1 287	opb stringlengths 1 287	opc stringlengths 1 286	opd stringlengths 1 301	cop class label 4 classes	choice_type stringclasses 2 values	exp stringlengths 1 22.5k ⌀	subject_name stringclasses 21 values	topic_name stringlengths 3 135 ⌀
e9ad821a-c438-4965-9f77-760819dfa155	Chronic urethral obstruction due to benign prismatic hyperplasia can lead to the following change in kidney parenchyma	Hyperplasia	Hyperophy	Atrophy	Dyplasia	2c	single	Chronic urethral obstruction because of urinary calculi, prostatic hyperophy, tumors, normal pregnancy, tumors, uterine prolapse or functional disorders cause hydronephrosis which by definition is used to describe dilatation of renal pelvis and calculus associated with progressive atrophy of the kidney due to obstructi...	Anatomy	Urinary tract
e3d3c4e1-4fb2-45e7-9f88-247cc8f373b3	Which vitamin is supplied from only animal source:	Vitamin C	Vitamin B7	Vitamin B12	Vitamin D	2c	single	Ans. (c) Vitamin B12 Ref: Harrison's 19th ed. P 640* Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) is synthesized solely by microorganisms.* In humans, the only source for humans is food of animal origin, e.g., meat, fish, and dairy products.* Vegetables, fruits, and other foods of nonanimal origin doesn't contain Vitamin B12 .* Daily requi...	Biochemistry	Vitamins and Minerals
5c38bea6-787a-44a9-b2df-88f4218ab914	All of the following are surgical options for morbid obesity except -	Adjustable gastric banding	Biliopancreatic diversion	Duodenal Switch	Roux en Y Duodenal By pass	3d	multi	Ans. is 'd' i.e., Roux en Y Duodenal Bypass Bariatric surgical procedures include:a. Vertical banded gastroplastyb. Adjustable gastric bandingc. Roux-en Y gastric bypass (Not - Roux-en Y Duodenal Bypass)d. Biliopancreatic diversione. Duodenal switcho The surgical treatment of morbid obesity is known as bariatric surger...	Surgery	Surgical Treatment Obesity
cdeedb04-fbe9-432c-937c-d53ac24475de	Following endaerectomy on the right common carotid, a patient is found to be blind in the right eye. It is appears that a small thrombus embolized during surgery and lodged in the aery supplying the optic nerve. Which aery would be blocked?	Central aery of the retina	Infraorbital aery	Lacrimal aery	Nasociliary aretry	0a	multi	The central aery of the retina is a branch of the ophthalmic aery. It is the sole blood supply to the retina; it has no significant collateral circulation and blockage of this vessel leads to blindness. The branches of this aery are what you view during a fundoscopic exam. Note: The infraorbital aery is a branch of the...	Ophthalmology	null
dc6794a3-b108-47c5-8b1b-3b4931577249	Growth hormone has its effect on growth through?	Directly	IG1-1	Thyroxine	Intranuclear receptors	1b	single	Ans. is 'b' i.e., IGI-1GH has two major functions :-i) Growth of skeletal system :- The growth is mediated by somatomedins (IGF). Increased deposition of cailage (including chondroitin sulfate) and bone with increased proliferation of chondrocytes and osteocytes.ii) Metabolic effects :- Most of the metabolic effects ar...	Physiology	null
5ab84ea8-12d1-47d4-ab22-668ebf01e64c	Scrub typhus is transmitted by: September 2004	Louse	Tick	Mite	Milk	2c	single	Ans. C i.e. Mite	Social & Preventive Medicine	null
a83de6e4-9427-4480-b404-d96621ebb640	Abnormal vascular patterns seen with colposcopy in case of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia are all except	Punctation	Mosaicism	Satellite lesions	Atypical vessels	2c	multi	Abnormal vascular pattern include punctation, mosaicism and atypical vessels.	Gynaecology & Obstetrics	null
f3bf8583-231b-4b7a-828c-179b0f9ccdd9	Per rectum examination is not a useful test for diagnosis of	Anal fissure	Hemorrhoid	Pilonidal sinus	Rectal ulcer	2c	single	PILONIDAL SINUS/DISEASE (Jeep Bottom; Driver's Bottom) Pilus--hair; Nidus--nest It is epithelium lined tract, situated sho distance behind the anus, containing hairs and unhealthy diseased granula- tion tissue. It is due to penetration of hairs through the skin into subcutaneous tissue. It forms granuloma/unhealthy gra...	Surgery	Urology
73515f05-e947-4801-8077-3abdeca95c84	Characteristics of Remifentanyl – a) Metabolised by plasma esteraseb) Short half lifec) More potent than Alfentanyld) Dose reduced in hepatic and renal diseasee) Duration of action more than Alfentanyl	ab	bc	abc	bcd	2c	single	Remifentanil is the shortest acting opioid due to its metabolism by plasma esterase → dose adjustment is not needed in liver or kidney disease. It is more potent than alfentanil : Order of potency is Sufentanil > Fentanyl = Remifentanil > Alfentanil.	Anaesthesia	null
53f79833-21b0-4336-8ef4-404c687ec807	Hypomimia is ?	Decreased ability to copy	Decreased execution	Deficit of expression by gesture	Deficit of fluent speech	2c	single	Ans. C. Deficit of expression by gestureHypomimiaHypomimia or amimia is a deficit or absence of expression by gesture or mimicry.This is usually most obvious as a lack of facial expressive mobility (mask - like facies).This is a feature of frontal subcoical disease.	Psychiatry	null
b3d1eb6c-3909-4011-ad10-d55538b81456	Naglers reaction is shown by	Clostridium tetani	Clostridium botulinum	Clostridium perfringens	Clostridium septicum	2c	single	Nagler's reaction - when Clostridium perfringens is grown in media containing 6 % agar, 5% Fildes peptic digest of sheep blood and 20% human serum, with antitoxin spread on one half of plate, colonies in the other half without antitoxin will be surrounded by a zone of opacity. No opacity around the colonies on the half...	Microbiology	Bacteriology
e529be7c-f360-4dba-b313-7f3fc240697a	Which of the following statements are True/False? 1. Hirsutism, which is defined as androgen-dependent excessive male pattern hair growth, affects approximately 25% of women. 2. Virilization refers to a condition in which androgen levels are sufficiently high to cause additional signs and symptoms. 3. Frequently, patie...	1, 2, 3 True & 4, 5 false	1, 3, 5 True & 2, 4 false	2, 4, 5 True & 1, 3 false	1, 2, 3, 4 True & 5 false	2c	multi	Here statement 1 & 3 are wrong. It is actually a direct pick from harrison, an impoant topic for entrance examinations hirsutism is seen in 10% of woman. Acromegaly rarely causes hirsutism. Ref: Harrisons Principles of Medicine, 18th Edition, Pages 380-382	Medicine	null
4e6de6fe-8c69-4553-827d-417ce597f3ac	The pharmakokinetic change occurring in geriatric patient is due to	Gastric absorption	Liver metabolism	Renal clearance	Hypersensitivity	2c	single	One of the most impoant pharmacokinetic changes associated with aging is decreased renal elimination of drugs. After age 40, creatinine clearance decreases an average of 8 mL/min/1.73 m2/decade; however, the age-related decrease varies substantially from person to person. Serum creatinine levels often remain within nor...	Anatomy	General anatomy
d64eabcf-da66-438f-a53f-7137d3bba9dd	True regarding lag phase is?	Time taken to adpt in the new environment	Growth occurs exponentially	The plateau in lag phase is due to cell death	It is the 2nd phase in bacterial growth curve	0a	multi	Lag phase: Immediately following the seeding of a culture medium, there is no appreciable number, though there may be an increase in the size of the cells. This initial period is the time required for the adaptation to the new environment, during which the necessary enzymes and metabolic intermediates are built up in a...	Microbiology	general microbiology
35a7eac4-fd96-4184-9a5f-86bba82a5b62	A 60 yr old chronic smoker presents with painless gross hematuria of 1 day duration. Investigation of choice to know the cause of hematuria	USG	X-ray KUB	Urine routine	Urine microscopy for malignant cytology cells	3d	single	Urine microscopy for malignant cytology "Painless haematuria is by far the most common symptom of bladder cancer and should be regarded as indicative of a bladder carcinoma until proven otherwise." Bailey & Love 25/e p1336 (24/e p1363) Cigarette smoking is the main etiological factor and accounts ,for about 50% of blad...	Surgery	null
fabd82e2-8b86-429a-8adb-ac46dde1aba6	With which of the following receptors theophylline has an antagonistic interaction ?	Histamine receptors	Bradykinin receptors	Adenosine receptors	Imidazoline receptors	2c	single	null	Pharmacology	null
f79a972f-3611-4cdc-837e-ce2f9393f592	Hyper viscosity is seen in	Cryoglobulinemia	Multiple myeloma	MGUS	Lymphoma	0a	single	Ref William hematology 6/e p1268 The term cryoglobulinemia refers to the presence in the serum of proteins that precipitate at temperatures below 37 degrees C and redissolve on rewarming. ... The elective treatment for hyperviscosity syndrome, whether associated with monoclonal, mixed, or polyclonalcryoglobulinemia, is...	Anatomy	General anatomy
b1a4e1b8-fb3d-40e4-9da7-ebc8a9c0963b	For a positively skewed curve which measure of central tendency is largest	Mean	Mode	Median	All are equal	0a	multi	A distribution is negatively skewed, or skewed to the left, if the scores fall toward the higher side of the scale and there are very few low scores. In positively skewed distributions, the mean is usually greater than the median, which is always greater than the mode. Ref :	Social & Preventive Medicine	Biostatistics
26ac2e3d-bbd7-44d6-968a-feeb54cf1a92	The process of hardening a cement matrix through hydration with oral fluids to achieve greater mechanical strength is known as:	Maturation	Setting	Hardening	Mineralization	0a	single	Maturation (cement)—The process of hardening a cement matrix through hydration with oral fluids to achieve greater mechanical strength. Ref: Phillip’s Science of Dental Materials ed 12 pg 309	Dental	null
56b5a2d2-044c-4b80-b778-6fa762206f52	Superior vena cava is derived from:	Aortic arch	Pharyngeal arch	Cardinal vein	Vitelline vein	2c	single	Ans. C Cardinal veinRef; hangman's essesntial medical Embroyology pg. 57# During early embryonic development (through 4th week), paired cardinal veins drain the body. Anterior cardinal veins drain the head and upper limb buds, while posterior cardinal veins drain the body. Both the anterior and posterior veins on each ...	Anatomy	Embryology
9ecbc05b-b255-47b5-b7b1-bf55f0f21abd	Testicular artery usually arises from	Abdominal aorta below renal artery	Renal artery	Internal iliac artery	Ext iliac artery	0a	multi	Ans) a (Abdominal aorta ....) Ref Chaurasia vol 2 pg 186Testicular artery is a branch of abdominal aorta given off at the level of vertebrae L2.Venous drainageVeins emerging from the testis forms pampiniform plexus. Plexus condenses into 4 veins at the superficial inguinal ring & into 2 veins at the deep inguinal ring....	Surgery	Testis & Scrotum
2583b8c8-aeaa-47c0-86fb-5efc9f386de6	Position of vocal cord in cadaver is:	Median	Paramedian	Intermediate	Full Abduction	2c	single	The vocal fold of the excised larynx is known to be located at an intermediate position(the so-called cadaver position).	ENT	null
e9038cb9-56db-473d-9d3f-440f130295ec	Organisms that has not been cultured successfully so far is-	Leptospira	Treponema pallidum	Bordetella	Staphylococcus	1b	multi	null	Microbiology	null
b77af8ce-2e9c-4979-a544-a2331f86f6b1	Normal waist hip ratio of a female is below	0.7	0.8	0.9	1	1b	single	WHO CUT-OFF POINTS OF WHR Indicator CUT-OFF points Risk of metabolic complications Waist circumference >94 cm (M) >80 cm (W) Increased Hip cirrcumference >102 cm (M) >88 cm (W) Substantially increased Waist-Hip ratio >= 0.95(M) >= 0.80(W) Substantially increased Ref: Park 23rd edition Pgno : 400 WC & WHR, WHO Consultat...	Social & Preventive Medicine	Non communicable diseases
f5df7424-6485-43fa-ba98-6de498561a76	The most common cause of renal scaring in a 3 year old child is -	Trauma	Tuberculosis	Vesicoureteral reflux induced pyelonephritis	Interstitial nephritis	2c	single	Chronic pyelonephritis is characterized by renal inflammation and scarring induced by recurrent or persistent renal infection, vesicoureteral reflux, or other causes of urinary tract obstruction. VUR is a congenital condition that results from incompetence of the ureterovesical valve due to a sho intramural segment Ref...	Medicine	Kidney
99ae24e6-10c3-48b5-8c69-a8784ce4a4fc	A 6hours old snake bite patient comes to emergency with mild local edema at the injury site. On examination no abnormalities detected and lab repos are normal. Most appropriate management is	Incision and suction	Wait and watch	Local subcutaneous antisnake venom	Intravenous antisnake venom	1b	single	All patients with a history of snake bite should be observed for 8-12 h after the bite, if the skin is broken and the offending snake cannot be positively identified as non-poisonous. Ref: Krishnan vij ; 5th ed; Page no: 484	Forensic Medicine	Poisoning
a822c6ea-6cfd-44c1-890f-6fac4b97e16d	Which of the following agents is most commonly associated with recurrent meningitis due to CSF leaks?	Meningococci	Pneumococci	Hemophilus Influenza	E. Coli	1b	single	Intracranial CSF leaks cause bacterial meningitis, about 80% are caused by S. Pneumoniae. Other causative organisms are meningococcus, Hemophilus species and S.aurues. Ref: Clinical Pediatric Neurology By Ronald B. David, Page 217	Pediatrics	null
69e9312c-9be5-4efe-a981-6bd7be0ef65b	Treatment of choice in traumatic facial nerve injury is:	Facial sling	Facial nerve repair	Conservative management	Systemic corticosteroids	1b	single	(b) Facial nerve repair(Ref. Scott Brown, 6th ed., 1404)Since generally following trauma the facial nerve injury occurs as sudden onset. Facial decompression should be the best option.	ENT	Facial Nerve And Its Disorders
108ff605-0712-4a5b-8a74-aa8cbefc3d07	What is the best method of informing the rural population about Oral rehydration technique: March 2013 (d, f)	Chalk and talk/Lecture	Demonstrations	Role play	Flash cards	1b	single	Ans. B i.e. Demonstrations Demonstration involves showing by reason or proof explaining or making clear by use of examples or experiments. Put more simply, demonstration means to clearly show	Social & Preventive Medicine	null
24b17b1d-0dac-4da1-b215-22451784b9b6	Lymph vessel which drain the posterior 1/3 rd of the tongue:	Basal vessel.	Marginal vessel.	Central vessel.	Lateral vessel.	0a	single	null	Anatomy	null
e7f60d58-db4c-4067-981b-2988a9de88ff	Risk factors associated with post-operative nausea and vomiting following strabismus surgery are all except -	Age < 3years	Duration of anesthesia > 30 mins	Personal or family history of post - op nausea and vomiting	Personal or family history of motion sickness	0a	multi	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Age < 3 years Post operative nausea and vomiting (PONY) following strabismus surgery It can cause post - op wound dehiscence, hematoma, orbital hemorrhage and aspiration. 30 % of all procedures are associated with PONV. Major risk factors are: Age > 3years Duration of anesthesia > 30 mins Personal or ...	Anaesthesia	null
7f11c629-b766-486f-a98e-6de0a2be8ae3	All are True about Acute Osteomyelitis except	Common in children	Severe pain	Involves Epiphyseal plate	Treatment involves 6 weeks of Antibiotics	2c	multi	null	Orthopaedics	null
7a14deed-5c09-443b-9221-10f3a70fb6a4	Anterolateral ahroscopy of knee is for:	To see patellofemoral aiculation	To see the posterior cruciate ligament	To see the anterior poion of lateral meniscus	To see the periphery of the posterior horn of medial meniscus	0a	single	Standard poals in knee ahroscopy Anterolateral poal Almost all the structures within the knee joint can be seen except- posterior cruciate ligament anterior poion of the lateral meniscus periphery of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus in tight knees. Anteromedial poal Additional viewing of lateral compament Post...	Orthopaedics	Spos Injury
05e92aa4-f149-49d2-bfb3-48263f7de421	Regarding vaginal candidiasis which one of the following is false:	Cottage cheese like secretions are seen	Intense pruritus	Most common in non-pregnant women	Buds and hyphae seen in KOH preparation	2c	multi	Ans. C. Most common in non-pregnant womenCandidiasis is caused by Candida albinism which thrives in an acidic medium with an abundant supply of carbohydrates. It is found commonly in pregnancy, and in patients on oral contraceptives, antibiotics and. corticosteroids. It is also seen in patients with diabetes. It causes...	Gynaecology & Obstetrics	Miscellaneous (Obs)
d27fbb91-ef90-4092-9175-636be25c357f	25 year old patient Suspected to have a pneumoperitoneum. Patient is unable to stand. Best x-ray view is	Left lateral decubitus view	Right lateral decubitus view	Supine	Prone	0a	single	Left lateral decubitus view demonstrates the air between dense shadow of liver and the abdominal wall.	Radiology	null
2b42ac45-27a8-4304-b28d-7554722e76ba	What is the most probable poal of entry of Aspergillus?	Puncture wound	Blood	Lungs	Gastrointestinal tract	2c	single	Aspergillus species are widely distributed on decaying plants, producing chains of conidia. Aspergillus species unlike Candida species do not form the pa of normal flora of humans. They are ubiquitous in the environment; hence transmission of infection is mostly exogenous. Aspergillus transmission occurs by inhalation ...	Microbiology	Mycology
836756cc-2b92-483b-a8cc-302b578a9eaa	For TOF management in antenatal period includes ?	Balloon valvotomy	Open hea surgery	Karyotyping	Aspirin	2c	multi	Ans. is 'c' i.e., KaryotypingTOF has been associated with untreated maternal diabetes, phenylketonuria, and intake of retinoic acid.Associated chromosomal anomalies occur in 30% cases and include trisomies 21, 18, 13 and 22q11 microdeletion, especially in pulmonary atresia and absent pulmonary valve syndrome (APVS).The...	Pediatrics	null
08255d75-8015-4389-b7ce-7621634c98d2	What change will be seen in vertebral column in ochronosis-	Calcification of disc	Bamboo spine	Increased disc space	None	0a	multi	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Calcification of discAlkaptonuria# It is due to deficiency of homogentisate oxidase. As a result homogentisic acid (homogentisate) is excreted execessively in urine, There are three important characteristic features in alkaptonuria-Urine becomes dark after being exposed to air. It is due spontaneous o...	Orthopaedics	Anatomy of Bone & Fracture Healing
55b3bce3-3a08-4770-a6c6-c416160de22e	If solid line represent the rigid height, then the following diagram with excessive inter arch space is classified in?	Class - 1	Class - 2	Class - 3	Class - 4	1b	single	null	Dental	null
476a3ecd-7c42-4c85-9982-1ce80c95ab82	Pearsonian measure of skewness -	Mode - Mean/ SD	Mean - Mode/ SD	SD/Mode - mean	Mean - Mode/ SD	1b	single	Ans. is b' i.e., Mean-Mode Measures of Skewness o There are following measures of skewness 1. Karl pearson's measure The formula for measuring skewness is divided into a) absolute measure Skewness = Mean - Mode b) relative measure The relative measure is known as the Coefficient of Skewness and is more frequently used ...	Social & Preventive Medicine	null
509f300d-f354-48fb-a2c9-fb1a55cb8e00	Following are the causes of sudden loss of vision except ?	Angle closure glaucoma	Endophthalmitis	Central serous retinopathy	Corneal ulceration	3d	multi	Ans. is 'd' i.e., Corneal ulceration	Ophthalmology	null
cb8dbb33-9f74-4e01-8ac3-fe295178d2a1	All of the following are features of Lymph node histology except	Subcapsular sinus present	Both Efferent and Afferent are present	Coex and Medulla are present	Red pulp and White pulp are present	3d	multi	Red pulp and White pulp are present in spleenHistologically, a lymph node is subdivided into three regions: coex, paracoex, and medulla. All three regions have a rich supply of sinusoids, enlarged endothelially lined spaces through which lymph percolates.The afferent lymph vessels pierce the capsule on the convex surfa...	Anatomy	General anatomy
21ab1846-bbea-4bca-bd03-8933fa61ea5d	During Sx for meningioma, the left paracentral lobule was injured. It would lead to paresis of	Rt. Leg and perineus	Left face	Right face	Right shoulder & trunk	0a	single	Ans. is 'a' i.e Rt. Leg and perineum Paracentral lobule:On the medial surface of cerebral hemisphere, the U shaped gyrus around the end of the central sulcus is the paracentral lobule.Motor cortex is located in the precentral gyrus on the superolateral surface of the hemisphere and in the anterior part of the paracentr...	Anatomy	Cerebrum
af3f9375-99f2-4495-8e66-c875d70c9612	Which of the following bacterial meningitis is associated with sudural effusion?	H. influenza	Neisseria meningitits	Streptococcus pneumonia	Enterococcus	0a	single	Chronic Subdural Empyema It may be primary infection of subdural space from sinusitis focus causing suppuration and pus formation. It can be complication of the chronic subdural haematoma. It is due to secondary bacterial infection of collected clot/fluid. Infection is from sinusitis scalp (common)/through earlier trau...	Surgery	Trauma
af913acc-4ca3-4266-a199-86b667524325	All of the following statements are true regarding hyperophy, except:	Occurs due to synthesis and assembly of additional intracellular components.	There is an increase in the size of the cells.	Cells capable of division respond to stress by hyperophy and hyperplasia.	There is an increase in the number of cells.	3d	multi	The increased size of the cells is due to the synthesis and assembly of additional intracellular structural components. Hyperophy refers to an increase in the size of cells, which results in an increase in the size of the affected organ. Cells capable of division may respond to stress by undergoing both hyperplasia and...	Pathology	Reversible Cell Injury
90c75fdd-c6c6-4320-8411-9a5a750b5c5d	Glucose sympo occurs with:	Na+	Ca++	K+	Cl-	0a	single	A i.e. Na+	Physiology	null
4fb5da8e-6fa9-4308-829d-bef54d70af7c	All are true about temporal arteritis except -	Can leads to sudden bilateral blindness	More corrunon in females	Worsen on exposure to heat	Mostly affects elderly	2c	multi	null	Medicine	null
9595ba1f-bc34-42ab-8603-45961b925ad0	Of the various modalities used in the treatment of re-threatening effects of hyperkalemia which one of the following as the most rapid onset of action ?	Hemodialysis	Sodium bicarbonate infusion	Insulin and glucose infusion	Intravenous calcium gluconate	0a	single	null	Medicine	null
b801715b-75b9-41bd-8f3c-828469d01266	In chronic alcoholism the rate limiting component for alcohol metabolism excluding enzymes is/are : (PGI Dec 2008)	NADP	NAD+	NADPH	FADH	1b	single	Ans : B (NAD+) & C (NADPH) In chronic alcoholism rate limiting component for alcohol metabolism is NAD* & NADPHOxidation of ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenaseQ & NADQ leads to excess production of NADHSome metabolism of ethanol takes place via a cytochrome P450 dependent microsomal ethanol oxidising systme (MEOS) Q invol...	Biochemistry	Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids
12b668e8-af03-47d7-bc80-41dec978da4d	Minimum level of iodine iodized salt reaching the consumer level according to iodine programme should be:-	5 ppm	30 ppm	15 ppm	20 ppm	2c	single	National Iodine deficiency disorder programme , 1992: - National goitre control programme, 1962 is conveed to NIDDCP, 1992 - Impact indicators: Major indicator - Urinary iodine excretion levels ( generally measured in pregnant women over 24hrs) Others - Neonatal hypothyroidism , Goitre - Level of salt iodinisation: 30 ...	Social & Preventive Medicine	Other NHPs
8a72ed74-b546-481b-bf0c-0c812ce2f3df	True statement regarding specific death rates	Specific for age and sex	Identify particular group or groups "at risk" for preventive action	Find out cause or disease specific	All of the above	3d	multi	(A1I of the above) (54- Park 20th)Specific death rates - may be (a) cause or disease specific e.g. TB, cancer, accidents (b) Related to specific groups e.g. age specific, sex specific, age and sex specific etc.* Rates can also be made specific for many others variables such as income, religion, race, housing etc.* Spec...	Social & Preventive Medicine	Concept of Health and Disease
6d21ae16-b1b7-42d3-ba62-7e310d8b0198	Pre-exposure prophylaxis for rabies is given on days	0, 3, 7, 14, 28, 90	0, 3, 7, 28, 90	0, 3	0, 7, 28	3d	single	New recommended regimen/Schedule (New guidelines( Type of prophylaxis Regimen Post exposure Intramuscular Essen Regimen (1-1-1-1-1) Day 0,3,7,14,28 Post exposure intradermal Updated Thai Red Cross Regimen (2-2-2-0-2) Day 0,3,7,28 Post exposure in vaccinated individuals Day 0,3 Pre-exposure prophylaxis Day 0,7,21/28 Min...	Social & Preventive Medicine	Communicable diseases
bf09d252-e987-480b-9a17-fe566ad398b9	Regarding Sjogren's syndrome, all are true except: September 2010	Keratoconjuctivitis sicca	Rheumatoid ahritis	Epiphora	Autoimmune in nature	2c	multi	Ans. C: Epiphora SjOgren's syndrome (also known as "Mikulicz disease" and "Sicca syndrome", is a systemic autoimmune disease in which immune cells attack and destroy the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva SjOgren's syndrome can exist as a disorder in its own right (Primary Sjogren's syndrome) or it may devel...	Ophthalmology	null
a79732e1-a0c9-4e81-bce6-fbcacaaab4e7	Best indicator of antemoum drowning is :	Froth in mouth and nostrils	Cutis anserina	Washerman's hand	Water in nose	0a	single	A i.e. Fine froth in mouth & nostril	Forensic Medicine	null
432ce240-2b6c-47aa-afd7-18bd49806239	Splenomegaly may be a feature of: March 2013	Megaloblastic anemia	Sickle cell anemia	Thalassemia	G6PD deficiency	1b	single	Ans. B i.e. Sickle cell anemia Splenomegaly Splenomegaly refers strictly to spleen enlargement, and is distinct from hyperspineism , which connotes overactive function by a spleen of any size. Splenomegaly and hypersplenism should not be confused. Each may be found separately, or they may coexist. Clinically if a splee...	Pathology	null
e6c29c8b-af47-4dd6-8154-663358bed3b8	Gp2b3A inhibitors are all except -	Abciximab	Eptifibatide	Tirofiban	Prasugrel	3d	multi	Ans. is 'd' i.e., Prasugrel Glycoproteins lIb / IIIa inhibitorso The platelet glycoprotein mediates platelet aggregation via binding of adhesive proteins such as fibrinogen and Von Willebrand factor.o GP lib / Ilia inhibitors, inhibit platelet aggregation by blocking GPIIb / IlIa.o They are more complete inhibitors tha...	Pharmacology	Antiplatelets and Fibrinolytics
81b24099-1d53-4130-ac61-72364a99d53f	True of case control studies -	It proceeds from cause to effect	Odds ratio can be calculated	Incidence can be calculated	Needs many patients	1b	multi	null	Social & Preventive Medicine	null
c08137c8-34c0-4f03-9b07-227dfeb8ec8e	All of the following could include the mechanism or function of oxigenases, EXCEPT:	Incorporate 2 atoms of oxygen	Incorporate 1 atom of oxygen	Required for hydroxylation of steroids	Required for carboxylation of drugs	3d	multi	Carboxylation is a function of carboxylase enzymes which belong to the class of 'Ligases'. It is not a function of oxygenase enzymes. Monoxygenases incorporate one atom of oxygen and play an impoant role in hydroxylation of steroids. Dioxygenases incorporate 2 atoms of oxygen into the substrate. Ref: Harper's Illustrat...	Biochemistry	null
95a23ec3-c2d6-40f4-890f-bece76c568cd	According to recent SC judgment, doctor can be charged for medical negligence under 304-A, only if: AIIMS 12	He is from corporate hospital	Negligence is from inadveent error	Simple negligence	Gross negligence	3d	single	Ans. Gross negligence	Forensic Medicine	null
3c3ba303-b196-45de-8ced-6c888c9e0d4e	Which of the following is very difficult to induce antibody -	Polysaccharide	Protein	Antigen	Effector	0a	single	An antigen is any substance that causes an immune system to produce antibodies against it. Antigens are usually peptides, polysaccharides or lipids. In general, molecules other than peptides (saccharides and lipids) qualify as antigens but not as immunogens since they cannot elicit an immune response on their own. Ref:...	Microbiology	Immunology
452b1926-6027-40a1-a934-6d58f2a8caed	Prevalence is a:	Rate	Ratio	Propoion	None of the above	2c	multi	Tools of measurement in epidemics: - Rate = x 1000/ 10000/ 100000 ; a is pa of b - Ratio = a/b ; a is not a pa of b - Propoion = x 100 = % ; a is pa of b Prevalence = No. of all current cases of a disease at a time /Estimated total population at that time X 100 Hence, Prevalence is a propoion (Prevalence is NOT a Ratio...	Social & Preventive Medicine	Epidemiology
9531838e-9009-47d8-8d6e-3880fab47804	S2 is best appreciated in -	3rd left intercostal space	2nd right intercostal space	4th left intercostal space	5th left intercostal space	0a	single	Ans. is 'a' i.e., 3rd left intercostal space o Best areas to auscultate for both components of the second heart sound (A2 and P2) are either the left sternal border at the level of second intercostal space (Pulmonic area) or the left sternal border at the level of third intercostal space (Erb s point).	Medicine	General
764ad788-556b-49cd-b976-c93086492894	Position of limb in posterior dislocation of hip -	Flexion, abduction & external rotation	Flexion, adduction & internal rotation	Flexion, adduction & external rotation	Flexion, abduction & internal rotation	1b	single	Ans. is 'b' i.e., Flexion, adduction & internal rotation Hip conditionDeformitySynovitisArthritisPosterior dislocationAnterior dislocationFemoral neck fractureIntertrochantric fractureFlexion, abduction, external rotation, apparent lengtheningFlexion, adduction, internal rotation, true shorteningFlexion, adduction, int...	Orthopaedics	Congenital Dislocation of Hip (C.D.H.)
52e6dc81-fb25-495d-b941-543e03158f7c	Drug causing malignant hyperthermia:(Asked twice in the exam)	Cisatracurium	Suxamethonium	Propofol	Thiopentone	1b	single	Ans. b. SuxamethoniumSuxamethonium is the drug most commonly responsible for causing malignant hyperthermia.'Drugs causing malignant hyperthermia are- succinylcholine (most common cause), halothane (MC inhalational agent), iso/des/sevo/methoxy- fluranes, lignocaine, TCA, MAO inhibitors and phenothiazines.''Thiopentone ...	Anaesthesia	Complications Of Anaesthesia
91d73a6d-7f5b-44bb-b0ac-477ea9338efb	Household insectiside used for malaria-	Malathion	Pyrethrum	Paris green	Permethrin	0a	single	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Malathion* Insectisides used for control of malaria are-i) Residual sprapy-# In residual spray, spraying of houses with residual insectisides is done. Residual insectisides remains active over extended periods i.e., they have residual action even after the time of spray.# Commonly used residual insect...	Social & Preventive Medicine	Environment and Health
d9f648af-a752-4368-999d-05e13c345ce0	False about obstructive jaundice	Unconjugated bilirubin	Pruritus	Pale stools	Icterus	0a	multi	Obstructive jaundice Most common surgical cause of obstructive jaundice is CBD stones Characterized by dark urine, pale coloured stools, icterus and Pruritus Presence of urobilinogen in urine rules out obstructive jaundice USG is the best test to differentiate medical from surgical jaundice Unconjugated bilirubin is no...	Anatomy	G.I.T
0e3852f0-45a6-493c-96d5-aefe1e0fa769	All of the following structure lies outside the cavernous sinus except	Sphenoidal air sinus	Internal carotid aery	Foramen lacerum	Maxillary nerve	3d	multi	structures outside the sinus: 1. Superiorly: optic tract, optic chiasma, olfactory tract, internal carotid aery and anterior perforated substance. 2.inferiorly: foramen lacerum and the junction of the body and greater wing of the sphenoid bone 3.medically: hypophysis cerebri and sphenoidal air sinus 4.laterally: tempor...	Anatomy	Head and neck
1d4ccb9d-1924-4aa6-b07c-0ed46fe31c20	Which of the following is the best procedure done for intrapaum fetal monitoring:	Fetal echocardiography	Fetal scalp pH	Continuous electrical fetal hea monitoring	Physical examination	2c	single	Electrical Fetal hea monitoring is useful as: (1) Provides accurate information, (2) Helpful in diagnosing fetal distress, (3) Directs about intervention to prevent fetal death or morbidity, (4) It is superior to intermittent monitoring methods.	Gynaecology & Obstetrics	Intra Uterine Growth Restriction, Intrapaum and Antepaum Fetal Surviellance
236d1eb1-f2e1-43b0-90f3-f88deff358cb	Which of the following is measured by the device, Bellow's spirometer?	TLC	RV	Closing volume	ERV	3d	single	The spirometer is a simple device for measuring gas volumes. The frequently used water spirometer, rolling seal spirometer and bellows spirometer. The last two are not water-filled and are more poable. The VT, IRV, ERV, IC, and VC can all be measured with a spirometer (as can the forced expiratory volume in 1 second , ...	Physiology	null
a2630da3-17a1-4149-b424-4b04b2c42f1c	Which of the following is a newly emerging food poisoning organism	Salmonella typhimurium	Enterococcus	Diphtheria	Pseudomonas	0a	single	Ans: a (Salmonella typhimurium) Ref: Ananathanarayan,7th ed, p. 303Of the above given, S. typhimurium causes food poisoningSalmonella gastroenteritisS. typhimurium is the most common cause of food poisoning due to salmonella species.Incubation period--6-24 hrsFood poisoning is never caused by S. typhi. Source of transm...	Microbiology	Enterobecteriaceae
f94f9f8f-fb28-44f0-9381-3dca473e305d	Atherosclerosis initiation by fibroblast plaque is mediated by injury to ?	Smooth muscle	Media	Adventitia	Endothelium	3d	single	Ans. is 'd' i.e., Endothelium The most acceptable hypothesis for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is "the response to injury hypothesis". According to this hypothesis, atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory response of the aerial wall initiated by injury to endothelium. Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis Following s...	Pathology	null
bdf94942-49c0-4d9a-b990-a7bfb7099857	The WBC that is considered “second line of defence” is:	Neutrophil	Eosinophil	Basophil	Monocyte	3d	single	Monocyte is considered as the second line of defence. Phagocytosis by Macrophages. Macrophages are the end-stage product of monocytes that enter the tissues from the blood. When activated by the immune system, they are much more powerful phagocytes than neutrophils, often capable of phagocytizing as many as 100 bacte...	Physiology	null
cbc8a1b1-532c-490e-a17d-9168083fabae	Mark the true statement regarding use of Lithium in maniac-depressive psychosis?	Monotherapy for acute episodes	Monitoring of serum concentration is not useful for guiding dose adjustment	Can result in leucocytosis	Can result in hypehyroidism on long term use	2c	multi	Lithium Use : Prophylaxis of mania alone, with sedatives in acute mania. Monitoring of S. concentration is significant to know the toxicity of drug S/E of Lithium Lithium use for a long time causes benign and reversible T-wave flattening Seizures Polyuria and compensatory polydipsia Dermatitis, folliculitis, vasculitis...	Pharmacology	Psychiatric Illness
2b7ff41e-66e4-467a-97ec-9ea4e5e98cbc	Determination of Pulp vitality by pulse oximeter based on:	Beer's law.	Pascal's law.	Doppler law.	Poisslues law.	0a	single	Pulse oxymetry- Based on Beer Lambert law Utilization of a probe that transmits red (640 mm) and infrared light Photo detector as a receptor site Different absorption ability of light by oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin leads to changes in the amount of light differently absorbed by the vascular bed before reac...	Dental	null
c5165fb3-3a59-49ed-9de0-4dbbced2cf08	An Isograft indicates transfer of tissues between -	Unrelated donors	Related donors	Monozygotic twins	From the same individual	2c	single	null	Surgery	null
e197f947-1bdd-4efd-887a-b72faa9441c5	All of the following are causes of congenital blindness Except	Toxoplasmosis	Congenital rubella	Vitamin A deficiency	Cataract	2c	multi	Causes of congenital blindness:ToxoplasmosisCongenital cataractsGenetic diseaseCongenital rubellaCongenital glaucomaUsher syndrome(Refer: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics, SAE, 1st edition, pg no. 318 - 319)	Pediatrics	All India exam
b15c5039-0f3c-4195-8331-35b9632899c7	Hypersecretory glaucoma is seen in –	Epidemic dropsy	Marfan's syndrome	Hypertension	Diabetes	0a	single	"In epidemic dropsy, glaucoma is wide angle glaucoma, with normal chamber and angle. Outflow is within normal limits. The queous shows raised level of histamin, prostaglandin and protein suggesting that glaucoma is hypersecretory". _ Mukherjee	Ophthalmology	null
01b9f068-4db2-45e5-94b8-19d4f7d290f7	A 14-year-old girl presents with quadriparesis, facial palsy, winging of scapula and ptosis. There is h/o similar illness in father and brother but less severe. Her CPK level is also raised (500IU/L). She is probably suffering from?	Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy	Becker muscular dystrophy	Limb-girdle dystrophy	Scapulofaciohumeral dystrophy	3d	single	Facial muscle involvement is not seen with Becker and Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy Emery Dreifuss and Becker are XLR disease so can't be present in a girl child. Hence by exclusion the diagnosis is Dx: Scapulo-Faciohumeraldystrophy. Facio-Scapulo-humeral dystrophy Autosomal dominant inheritance and has an onset in ch...	Medicine	Myasthenia Gravis and Muscular dystrophy
44e3f7ec-ad90-49bc-9f91-54f959bae81b	Which of the following is true statement regarding human eye	Cornea cut off wavelength upto 400 nm	Normal eye medium will permit wavelength of 400- 700 nm	Even after cataract surgery UV rays are not penetrated	Lens will not reflect light	1b	multi	Ans. b (normal rye medium will permit wavelength of 400- 700 ntn) Ref: yanoff 3rd ed p 383, internet sitesCornea and lens act as special filters absorbing the more energetic wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum that can damage the retina. Cornea absorbs wavelength below 295nm where as lens absorbs strongly in the...	Ophthalmology	Anatomy
6a19df3c-6af0-4673-8e2b-02d86ddc7523	Which of the following muscle is not a hybrid muscle	Pectoralis major	Extensor digitorum	Flexor digitorum profundus	Brachialis	1b	single	Extensor digitorum Hybrid muscles are the muscles having more than one nerve supply Pctoralis major: lateral & medial pectoral nerves Brachialis: additional proprioceptive fibres from radial nerve, in addition to its muscular nerve, musculocutaneous nerve. Extensor digitorum is supplied by the posterior interosseous ne...	Surgery	null
161fc4a5-e9fb-44c6-9a4b-2d734cf01ebc	Delayed union of fracture of a bone follo-wing a surgical treatment may be due to	Infection	Inadequate circulation	Inadequate mobilization	All of the above	3d	multi	D i.e. All	Surgery	null
f18b19db-efc0-40d3-accd-5d2dcb3b1879	What is the pressure of inspiration?	Intrapleuarl	Transpulmonary	Trans chest wall	Alveolar pressure	0a	multi	Ans: a (Intrapleural) Ref: Ganong,22nd ed,p. 6651The main pressure in lung related to inspiration is intrapleural pressure.Intrapleural pressure.The pressure in the intrapleural space between the lungs and chest wall is intrapleural pressure.Intrapleural pressure changes from -2.5 to -6 mmHg during inspiration. During ...	Physiology	Respiratory System
cdfbd205-6f98-4cdc-9d76-29c0e9887cef	One standard detion in normal standard curev includes value-	50%	68%	95%	100%	1b	single	Ref:Parks 23rd edition pg 849. 1SD : confidence limit = 68% 2SD : confidence limit = 95% 3SD : confidence limit = 99.7%	Social & Preventive Medicine	Biostatistics
d000623f-eba6-4e64-8cc0-3ed932403fce	Foam cells are seen in infection with which virus ?	Measles	EBV	Molluscum contagiosum	RSV	1b	single	Ans. is 'b' i.e., EBV EBV encephalomyelitis shows :Abnormal white matter with perivascular infiltrates of inflammatory cells and foam cells.Some myelin is replaced by lipid-filled macrophages and hyperplastic astrocytes.	Microbiology	null
fc374693-12de-4ca4-8854-34bd1a9c686b	During extraction of the upper first molar, the mesio buccal root is missing and is suspected to have been pushed into the maxillary sinus. The best position for the patient immediately after the incident is	To position the patient upright	To position the patients in a semi inclined posture to visualize the perforation	Trendelenberg position	Reverse trendelenberg position	0a	single	null	Surgery	null
ffa5b47b-7d02-489f-9bcf-f6753b2be449	Rescue P.C.I is done for which of the following?	Persistent chest pain with ST elevation > 60 min after thrombolysis	Persistent chest pain with ST elevation > 30 min after thrombolysis	Persistent Chest pain with ST elevation >90 min after thrombolysis	Pain with ST elevation for >120minutes after thrombolysis	2c	single	Option C = Rescue P.C.I. After thrombolysis ST Elevation begin to reduce If ST Elevation persisting in spite of thrombolysis. So it's failure of thrombolysis \| within 90 minutes Rescue PCI Types of PCI Primary PCI done for STEMI (Door to device time < 90 minutes). Delayed PCI done for Unstable Angina NSTEMI Rescue PCI ...	Medicine	Acute coronary syndrome
fefb2a6d-129a-4ebd-9100-fcdb862c98a2	Fever associated with infection	Accelerates bacterial and viral replication	Left shifts the oxygen dissociation curve	Is due to interleukin-1 released from CD4 T-helper cells	Increase oxygen release to tissue	3d	single	Fever right shifts the oxygen dissociation curve, which allows for a greater release of oxygen to the tissue, making oxygen easily available to neutrophils and monocytes for use in the oxygen-dependent myeloperoxidase system of bactericidal killing. Having more oxygen available to tissue also enhances wound healing. In...	Physiology	General physiology
8cf45c14-9de1-4f72-a51c-e0ab03cd4518	Last organ to putrefy in females is?	Liver	Uterus	Brain	Breast	1b	single	Ans. is 'b' i.e., Uterus Order of putrefactiono Order of appearance of putrefaction from earliest to last is : larynx, trachea > stomach, intestine > spleen, liver > brain, lungs > heart > kidney, bladder > uterus/prostate > bone.o Amongst the soft tissues uterus in female and prostate in malesm are last to undergo put...	Forensic Medicine	Injuries
567e1d6a-5444-4e1a-b07a-98417b051c28	Hamartomatous lung tissue is?	Hypoplasia of lung	Congenital cyst	Lobar sequestration	Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation	3d	single	Ans. (d) Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 670; 8th/pg 679)Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM): Hamartomatous Q or dysplastic lung tissue, usually confined to one lobe.	Pathology	Respiration
c50f51df-27d7-43e6-9be6-4b89df294edb	Test for diagnosis of pyogenic meningitis is?	Widal	CSF PCR	CSF examination	PET scan	2c	single	ANSWER: (C) CSF examinationREF: Harrison 17th ed chapter 376The diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is made by examination of the CSF. The need to obtain neuroimaging studies (CT or MRI) prior to LP requires clinical judgment.A broad-range PCR can detect small numbers of viable and nonviable organisms in CSF and is expec...	Microbiology	Bacteria
22c45247-65d6-4168-aa89-428eb6ccf1c3	Causes of thickened gallbladder wall on ultrasound examination are all except:	Postprandial state	Cholecystitis	Congestive cardiac failure	Kawasaki disease	3d	multi	Ans: D (Kawasaki disease) Ref: Manual of Emergency Critical Care Ultrasound Vicke E Noble. 2nd ed. Pg 156Explanation:Kawasaki disease is associated with hydrops of gallbladder.Gallbladder Wall Thickening A gallbladder wall that is thickened is a sign of inflammation. This is a non-specific finding, and many other patho...	Radiology	Abdominal Radiography
0210576a-e7fd-40c4-b51e-acd13de82132	In caloric test, cold water stimulation causes movement of eye -	Some side	Opposite side	Up	Do\vn	1b	single	Ans. is 'b' i.e., Opposite side [Ref: Dhingra 5th/e p. 48}o Each ear is irrigated twice : once with cold water (70C below the body temperature, i. e. 300C) and then with warm water (70C above the body temperature, i.e. 440C).o Cold water provokes nystagmus towards the opposite ear, while warm water provokes nystagmus t...	ENT	Assessment of Vestibular Function
b9c3c5cc-127b-46a2-bfdc-d23bd2412409	Which of the following is not false about annual risk of TB	ARI of 1% = 75 new cases	Current ARI in India is 1.7%	It is represents new cases of TB	It is assessed by tuberculin conversion in previously non-vaccinated children	3d	multi	Incidence of TB infection (Annual infection rate, Annual risk of Infection ARI) : Percentage of population under study who will be newly infected (not diseased or cases) with TB among Non-infected in 1 year. Expresses attacking force of TB in community In developing countries 1% ARI corresponds to: 50 SS +ve cases per ...	Social & Preventive Medicine	Communicable diseases
f6c9fd05-bcda-4397-bcaa-a17d65107ad3	A 12-year-old girl presents to the casualty with symptoms of fever, shoness of breath, and cough. A chest X-ray reveals complete consolidation of the lower lobe of the left lung. Cultures of the lower lobe of the left lung would most likely reveal which organism?	Streptococcus pneumoniae	Staphylococcus aureus	Klebsiella pneumoniae	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	0a	single	The history and findings are consistent with a lobar pneumonia. The most common etiologic agent of lobar pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae. ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSIS Productive cough, fever, rigors, dyspnea, early pleuritic chest pain Consolidating lobar pneumonia on chest radiograph Lancet-shaped gram-positive diplo...	Microbiology	null
19de7ff4-cb68-4c51-afe3-07a425f20c91	IgA deposits on skin biopsy	Henoch Schouleiln puspura	Giant cell aeritis	Microscopic polyangitis	Wegener's granulomatosis	0a	single	A.i.e. Henosch Schonlein purpura	Skin	null
8705fb60-c237-4804-a9cf-8adbb631bcd3	A Dentin 'Primer'?	Etches the dentin	It increases the surface energy & wets the dentin surface	Removes the smear layer	Conditions the dentin	1b	single	null	Dental	null
d0b35238-78a6-454d-9bc9-65180db85bbb	Which of the following hormonal activity is expected immediately prior to Ovulation?	LH surge	FSH surge	Progestrone surge	Estrogen surge	0a	single	Ovulation occurs due to the effect of increased concentration of LH. In the pre-ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle, the ovarian follicle will undergo a series of transformations called cumulus expansion, which is stimulated by FSH. This is followed by LH surge.	Physiology	null
e2e8a056-13c0-457f-945f-da4fdb9afbd6	Following are fibrous joints :	Pubic symphysis	Fronto parietal suture	Manubrio sternal joint	Inf. radio ulnar joint	1b	single	B. i.e. Frontoparietal sutureSkull sutures (except sphen-occipital), vomer- sphenoid rostrum schindylesisQ, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis and dentoalveolar gomphosis (tooth socket) joints are fibrous joints. A Schindylesis is a specialized suture where a rigid bone fits into a groove on a neighbouring element eg a ...	Anatomy	null
df59eac7-87b1-4805-9c47-0caf96a3450d	For exhumation the order should be passed by -	Chief judicial magistrate	Executive magistrate	Police officer	Session judge	1b	single	The body is exhumed only when, there is written order from the executive magistrate.	Forensic Medicine	null
aeb420c2-ede8-48bc-9400-a5ae531f15ee	The radiograph of a 32 year old patient is shown below. The patient is asymptomatic and the lesion revealed in the radiograph is an accidental finding. The most likely diagnosis is:	Stafne’s bone cavity	Radicular Cyst	Dentigerous cyst	Lateral periodontal cyst	0a	single	Radiological signs: The lesion presents as a chance radiographic finding. It is a round or an ovoid (<3 cm) uniform radiolucency with a well-defined, usually corticated, margin. Stafne’s bone cavity is non-expansile and is found below the mandibular canal just anterior to the angle of the mandible. The location of Staf...	Radiology	null

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Dataset Card for MedMCQA

Dataset Summary

MedMCQA is a large-scale, Multiple-Choice Question Answering (MCQA) dataset designed to address real-world medical entrance exam questions.

MedMCQA has more than 194k high-quality AIIMS & NEET PG entrance exam MCQs covering 2.4k healthcare topics and 21 medical subjects are collected with an average token length of 12.77 and high topical diversity.

Each sample contains a question, correct answer(s), and other options which require a deeper language understanding as it tests the 10+ reasoning abilities of a model across a wide range of medical subjects & topics. A detailed explanation of the solution, along with the above information, is provided in this study.

MedMCQA provides an open-source dataset for the Natural Language Processing community. It is expected that this dataset would facilitate future research toward achieving better QA systems. The dataset contains questions about the following topics:

Anesthesia
Anatomy
Biochemistry
Dental
ENT
Forensic Medicine (FM)
Obstetrics and Gynecology (O&G)
Medicine
Microbiology
Ophthalmology
Orthopedics
Pathology
Pediatrics
Pharmacology
Physiology
Psychiatry
Radiology
Skin
Preventive & Social Medicine (PSM)
Surgery

Supported Tasks and Leaderboards

multiple-choice-QA, open-domain-QA: The dataset can be used to train a model for multi-choice questions answering, open domain questions answering. Questions in these exams are challenging and generally require deeper domain and language understanding as it tests the 10+ reasoning abilities across a wide range of medical subjects & topics.

Languages

The questions and answers are available in English.

Dataset Structure

Data Instances

{
    "question":"A 40-year-old man presents with 5 days of productive cough and fever. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is isolated from a pulmonary abscess. CBC shows an acute effect characterized by marked leukocytosis (50,000 mL) and the differential count reveals a shift to left in granulocytes. Which of the following terms best describes these hematologic findings?",
    "exp": "Circulating levels of leukocytes and their precursors may occasionally reach very high levels (>50,000 WBC mL). These extreme elevations are sometimes called leukemoid reactions because they are similar to the white cell counts observed in leukemia, from which they must be distinguished. The leukocytosis occurs initially because of the accelerated release of granulocytes from the bone marrow (caused by cytokines, including TNF and IL-1) There is a rise in the number of both mature and immature neutrophils in the blood, referred to as a shift to the left. In contrast to bacterial infections, viral infections (including infectious mononucleosis) are characterized by lymphocytosis Parasitic infestations and certain allergic reactions cause eosinophilia, an increase in the number of circulating eosinophils. Leukopenia is defined as an absolute decrease in the circulating WBC count.",
    "cop":1,
    "opa":"Leukemoid reaction",
    "opb":"Leukopenia",
    "opc":"Myeloid metaplasia",
    "opd":"Neutrophilia",
    "subject_name":"Pathology",
    "topic_name":"Basic Concepts and Vascular changes of Acute Inflammation",
    "id":"4e1715fe-0bc3-494e-b6eb-2d4617245aef",
    "choice_type":"single"
}

Data Fields

id : a string question identifier for each example
question : question text (a string)
opa : Option A
opb : Option B
opc : Option C
opd : Option D
cop : Correct option, i.e., 1,2,3,4
choice_type ({"single", "multi"}): Question choice type.
- "single": Single-choice question, where each choice contains a single option.
- "multi": Multi-choice question, where each choice contains a combination of multiple suboptions.
exp : Expert's explanation of the answer
subject_name : Medical Subject name of the particular question
topic_name : Medical topic name from the particular subject

Data Splits

The goal of MedMCQA is to emulate the rigor of real word medical exams. To enable that, a predefined split of the dataset is provided. The split is by exams instead of the given questions. This also ensures the reusability and generalization ability of the models.

The training set of MedMCQA consists of all the collected mock & online test series, whereas the test set consists of all AIIMS PG exam MCQs (years 1991-present). The development set consists of NEET PG exam MCQs (years 2001-present) to approximate real exam evaluation.

Similar questions from train , test and dev set were removed based on similarity. The final split sizes are as follow:

	Train	Test	Valid
Question #	182,822	6,150	4,183
Vocab	94,231	11,218	10,800
Max Ques tokens	220	135	88
Max Ans tokens	38	21	25

Dataset Creation

Curation Rationale

Before this attempt, very few works have been done to construct biomedical MCQA datasets (Vilares and Gomez-Rodr, 2019), and they are (1) mostly small, containing up to few thousand questions, and (2) cover a limited number of Medical topics and Subjects. This paper addresses the aforementioned limitations by introducing MedMCQA, a new large-scale, Multiple-Choice Question Answering (MCQA) dataset designed to address real-world medical entrance exam questions.

Source Data

Initial Data Collection and Normalization

Historical Exam questions from official websites - AIIMS & NEET PG (1991- present) The raw data is collected from open websites and books

Who are the source language producers?

The dataset was created by Ankit Pal, Logesh Kumar Umapathi and Malaikannan Sankarasubbu

Annotations

Annotation process

The dataset does not contain any additional annotations.

Who are the annotators?

[Needs More Information]

Personal and Sensitive Information

[Needs More Information]

Considerations for Using the Data

Social Impact of Dataset

[Needs More Information]

Discussion of Biases

[Needs More Information]

Other Known Limitations

[Needs More Information]

Additional Information

Dataset Curators

[Needs More Information]

Licensing Information

[Needs More Information]

Citation Information

If you find this useful in your research, please consider citing the dataset paper

@InProceedings{pmlr-v174-pal22a,
  title = 	 {MedMCQA: A Large-scale Multi-Subject Multi-Choice Dataset for Medical domain Question Answering},
  author =       {Pal, Ankit and Umapathi, Logesh Kumar and Sankarasubbu, Malaikannan},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning},
  pages = 	 {248--260},
  year = 	 {2022},
  editor = 	 {Flores, Gerardo and Chen, George H and Pollard, Tom and Ho, Joyce C and Naumann, Tristan},
  volume = 	 {174},
  series = 	 {Proceedings of Machine Learning Research},
  month = 	 {07--08 Apr},
  publisher =    {PMLR},
  pdf = 	 {https://proceedings.mlr.press/v174/pal22a/pal22a.pdf},
  url = 	 {https://proceedings.mlr.press/v174/pal22a.html},
  abstract = 	 {This paper introduces MedMCQA, a new large-scale, Multiple-Choice Question Answering (MCQA) dataset designed to address real-world medical entrance exam questions. More than 194k high-quality AIIMS &amp; NEET PG entrance exam MCQs covering 2.4k healthcare topics and 21 medical subjects are collected with an average token length of 12.77 and high topical diversity. Each sample contains a question, correct answer(s), and other options which requires a deeper language understanding as it tests the 10+ reasoning abilities of a model across a wide range of medical subjects &amp; topics. A detailed explanation of the solution, along with the above information, is provided in this study.}
}